Figure 1From: Methods for adjusting population structure and familial relatedness in association test for collective effect of multiple rare variants on quantitative traitsQ-Q plots for six different methods. Q-Q plots of −log10 scaled p-values for six different methods based on 1,940 genes from 697 subjects (8 extended families) and 200 replications of quantitative trait Q2 simulated by GAW17 under the null hypothesis. Red curves, observed; black curves, expected.Back to article page