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Table 1 Six methods for comparison

From: Methods for adjusting population structure and familial relatedness in association test for collective effect of multiple rare variants on quantitative traits

Method

Model

Detail

REG

Y = Xb + e

Ignoring population structure and familial relatedness, with no adjustment

PC

Y = Xb + Qv + e

Top 10 eigenvectors from principal components analysis are used as the input of Q

KIN

Y = Xb + Zu + e

Kinship matrix based on pedigree data is used as Z to define covariance structure of u

PC-KIN

Y = Xb + Qv + Zu + e

Combining PC and KIN methods

IBS

Y = Xb + Zu + e

IBS matrix based on genotype data is used as Z to define covariance structure of u

PC-IBS

Y = Xb + Qv + Zu + e

Combining PC and IBS methods