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Table 1 Prediction rule of three proposed methods

From: Large-scale risk prediction applied to Genetic Analysis Workshop 17 mini-exome sequence data

Feature

Empirical Bayes method

Weighted empirical Bayes method

Joint covariance model

 

Genes

#SNP

MAF

Genes

#Syn SNP

#Non SNP

MAF

Genes

#Syn SNP

#Non SNP

MAF

1

Age

  

Age

   

Age

   

2

Smoke

  

Smoke

   

Smoke

   

3

ATP11A

1

0.29

SUSD2

13

23

<0.01

ATP11A

1

 

0.29

     

2

4

0.01–0.05

    
     

1

2

≥0.05

    

4

FLT1

25

<0.01

FLT1

8

17

<0.01

BUD13

1

 

0.11

  

7

0.01–0.05

 

5

2

0.01–0.05

    
  

3

≥0.05

 

2

1

≥0.05

    

5

SUSD2

36

 

ATP11A

1

 

0.29

C10ORF107

1

 

0.13

  

6

         
  

3

         

6

BUD13

1

0.11

RIPK3

4

13

<0.01

RIPK3

4

13

<0.01

     

1

1

0.01–0.05

 

1

1

0.01–0.05

     

1

1

≥0.05

 

1

1

≥0.05

7

RIPK3

17

<0.01

BUD13

1

 

0.11

SUSD2

13

23

<0.01

  

2

0.01–0.05

     

2

4

0.01–0.05

  

2

≥0.05

     

1

2

≥0.05

8

C10ORF107

1

0.13

ADAMTS4

10

23

<0.01

FLT1

8

17

<0.01

     

2

2

0.01–0.05

 

5

2

0.01–0.05

     

1

2

≥0.05

 

2

1

≥0.05

9

ADAMTS4

33

<0.01

WNT16

8

7

< 0.01

GPR158

 

1

0.1

  

4

0.01–0.05

 

1

2

0.01–0.05

    
  

3

≥0.05

  

2

≥0.05

    

10

MAP3K12

14

<0.01

GOLGA1

1

 

<0.01

ANAPC5

14

12

<0.01

  

3

0.01–0.05

  

1

0.01–0.05

 

1

 

0.01–0.05

      

1

≥0.05

   

≥0.05

  1. Top 10 important features from the model incorporating genes and environmental variables for the three proposed methods. #SNP, number of SNPs within a specific gene; #Syn SNP, number of synonymous SNPs; #Non SNP, number of nonsynonymous SNPs. MAF shows three intervals of minor allele frequency: MAF < 0.01, 0.01 ≤ MAF < 0.05, and MAF ≥ 0.05. The boldfaced genes and environmental variables are real causal features that are selected across the three proposed models.