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Table 1 OR and bias from simulated cohorts under different control sampling designs based on 100 replicates for each design

From: Influence of control selection in genome-wide association studies: the example of diabetes in the Framingham Heart Study

 

Generated hazard ratio

ID sampling

CE sampling

SNP

OR

MAF

OR (CI)a

Bias ratio

Power

OR (CI)

Bias ratio

Power

Gene1.3_0.1

1.3

0.1

1.29 (0.83-1.99)

0.99

0.43

1.38 (0.86-2.18)

1.06

0.66

Gene1.3_0.3

1.3

0.3

1.30 (0.79-1.26)

1.00

0.97

1.37 (0.77-1.29)

1.04

0.98

Gene1.3_0.5

1.3

0.5

1.29 (0.80-1.25)

0.99

0.96

1.36 (0.78-1.29)

1.04

0.99

Gene1.5_0.1

1.5

0.1

1.57 (0.49-2.05)

1.04

0.92

1.59 (0.52-1.90)

1.06

0.91

Gene1.5_0.3

1.5

0.3

1.54 (0.58-1.72)

1.02

1.00

1.61 (0.59-1.71)

1.08

1.00

Gene1.5_0.5

1.5

0.5

1.55 (0.55-1.82)

1.03

1.00

1.62 (0.57-1.76)

1.09

1.00

Gene1.8_0.1

1.8

0.1

1.90 (0.27-3.47)

1.06

1.00

2.03 (0.24-4.18)

1.13

1.00

Gene1.8_0.3

1.8

0.3

1.75 (0.38-2.64)

0.97

1.00

1.96 (0.30-3.31)

1.09

1.00

Gene1.8_0.5

1.8

0.5

1.77 (0.36-2.80)

0.99

1.00

1.97 (0.29-3.47)

1.09

1.00

Gene2_0.5

2.0

0.5

1.78 (0.52-2.08)

0.89

1.00

2.64 (0.25-3.10)

1.32

1.00

Gene3_0.5

3.0

0.5

2.92 (0.47-3.44)

0.97

1.00

3.67 (0.38-4.34)

1.22

1.00

  1. aCI, 95% confidence interval