Figure 3
From: Interrogating population structure and its impact on association tests
Q-Q plots of Q1-gene association. This figure is based on the gene-specific p-values yielded by seven adjustments of environmental covariates, quantitative trait loci, ethnicity, and principal components when applied to replicate 10 of Q1. After Bonferroni correction, the seven adjustments identified 67 (2), 44 (2), 59 (2), 8 (2), 7 (2), 3 (2), and 0 (0) significant genes (causal genes), respectively.