The effects of insulin and insulin like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF1 and 2) on proliferation were measured in primary cultures of human endometrial cells using a cytotoxicity assay, while transformation was measured by soft agar colony formation and histologic evaluation of and organotypic model of endometrial carcinogenesis and chemoprevetion [1]. Akt phosphorylation status was measured by Western blot. Levels of leptin, adiponectin adipsin, c-peptide, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2, also called monocyte chemotactic protein-1 or MCP-1), Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL10, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and insulin in serum from 84 endometrial cancer patients were measured using multiplex magnetic bead assays (BioRad and Millipore). Glucose was measured using a kit (Cayman), and HOMA Scores were calculated. These biomarkers were compared with tumor stage, grade, recurrence of disease and age at diagnosis using Spearman Correlation.